Competitive Advantage of Broiler Production in District Mansehra

Poultry is an important sub sector of livestock and is ahead of all other sub sectors in economic growth. Broilers production is a specialized branch of poultry farming. This research was conducted in Mansehra is the region where considerable amount of commercial broiler production takes place. The region of the study has a high concentration of commercial activities, infrastructural facilities like veterinary care as well as climate that favor the production and marketing of poultry meat products. This research was conducted in nine villages of district Mansehra namely Kotli Pain, KotliBala, Kheil, Tanda, Bafa, Chatar Plain, Ahl, Batal and Mongandawraha. The purpose of the research was to analyze the competitive advantage of broiler farming. There were 276 broiler farms in District Mansehra. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used for data collection from 70 respondents. Average total cost of production was found Rs. 738238.11 having average farm size of 3605 broilers. Feed and one day old chick costs constitute 90.01% of the total cost. Average expenditure on production per broiler was Rs. 220.20 having net profit per broiler of Rs. 24.11.Based on Porter study (1990), average variable cost (C) was used as a proxy for competitive advantage. Results of regression analysis show that the main factors that significantly affect competitive advantage of broiler farming in the study area was feed cost, day old chick cost, labor and medication cost while capacity utilization and extension service contacts negatively and significantly affect cost. It means that reducing the above mentioned costs and using installed capacity and extension service contacts will reduce production cost and will promote competitive advantage of broiler production. Broiler production should be encouraged through better feed management practices and also by feeding broilers with nutritious feed. Broiler farmers should be encouraged to fully use their installed capacity of their farm

Discourse and Corpus based Analysis of Doctor-Patient Conversation in the Context of Pakistani Hospitals

This study undertakes the analysis of the communicative patterns between doctors and patients by applying Sinclair and Coulthard’s (1975) IRF (Initiation, Response and Follow-up) Model. The focus of this study is to investigate the discourse features of the language used between the doctors and the patients in a hospital setting. It further explores how doctors and patients make sense of each other’s talk. The data was electronically recorded and then transcribed in terms of Dijk’s transcription key with the modification. IRF structural patterns of the original model were applied with modification due to change in the context in which the communication between the participants of the discourse took place. The discourse structure found in the data varied from that of the classroom discourse investigated by Sinclair and Coulthard. This study showed significant difference in the use of language in spoken and written form between the doctors and the patients. It also revealed that commonality, solidarity and familiarity in exchange structure was lacking in the communication between the doctors and patients which resulted in misunderstanding of the talk

Discourse and Corpus based Analysis of Doctor-Patient Conversation in the Context of Pakistani Hospitals

This study undertakes the analysis of the communicative patterns between doctors and patients by applying Sinclair and Coulthard’s (1975) IRF (Initiation, Response and Follow-up) Model. The focus of this study is to investigate the discourse features of the language used between the doctors and the patients in a hospital setting. It further explores how doctors and patients make sense of each other’s talk. The data was electronically recorded and then transcribed in terms of Dijk’s transcription key with the modification. IRF structural patterns of the original model were applied with modification due to change in the context in which the communication between the participants of the discourse took place. The discourse structure found in the data varied from that of the classroom discourse investigated by Sinclair and Coulthard. This study showed significant difference in the use of language in spoken and written form between the doctors and the patients. It also revealed that commonality, solidarity and familiarity in exchange structure was lacking in the communication between the doctors and patients which resulted in misunderstanding of the talk

A subclass of meromorphic Janowski-type multivalent q-starlike functions involving a q-differential operator

Keeping in view the latest trends toward quantum calculus, due to its various applications in physics and applied mathematics, we introduce a new subclass of meromorphic multivalent functions in Janowski domain with the help of the q-differential operator. Furthermore, we investigate some useful geometric and algebraic properties of these functions. We discuss sufficiency criteria, distortion bounds, coefficient estimates, radius of starlikeness, radius of convexity, inclusion property, and convex combinations via some examples and, for some particular cases of the parameters defined, show the credibility of these results. © 2022, The Author(s)

Coefficient Estimates for a Subclass of Meromorphic Multivalent q-Close-to-Convex Functions

By making use of the concept of basic (or q-) calculus, many subclasses of analytic and symmetric q-starlike functions have been defined and studied from different viewpoints and perspectives. In this article, we introduce a new class of meromorphic multivalent close-to-convex functions with the help of a q-differential operator. Furthermore, we investigate some useful properties such as sufficiency criteria, coefficient estimates, distortion theorem, growth theorem, radius of starlikeness, and radius of convexity for this new subclass.</p

A Case Study on Distribution of Gemstone in Bela Ophiolite, District Khuzdar, Balochistan

Bela Ophiolite and suture zone host several types of gemstones in the underlain and overlain rocks such as garnet (demantoid and almandine), quartz, brucite, malachite, chrysocolla, azurite, calcite, natrolite, green chert, jasper, serpentine, agate, epidote, augite and prehnite. However, the rare gemstones including demantoid garnet are found as dodecahedron green crystals associated with the altered peridotite rocks such as serpentinite. Brucite is found in the botryoidal habit in the ultramafic rocks of Bela Ophiolite associated with the chromite mines in the Baran Lak and Amorzai area of Wadh in the host rock dunite. The serpentine is found in several locations associated with the altered ultramafic rocks formed after the serpentinization of peridotite. Furthermore, one of the rare gemstones such as petroleum and diamond quartz is formed due to the hydrothermal intrusion in the sedimentary rocks such as limestone; calcite also occurs in limestone as dogtooth crystals. While azurite, malachite and chrysocolla are formed as secondary deposits in the oxidized zone of copper and sulphide mines in the Manjawi, Nal and Sonaro associated adjacent to basalt. Moreover, epidote is found as green crystals having porphyritic texture in the host rock granite mainly in the Bakhalo area, Wadh. Agate, jasper, green chert and several other kinds of chert are found associated with the basalt chert unit in the mélange and gossan. In addition to that natrolite is found in the Nal ophiolite mainly in the Hazarghanji town found associated with the cracks and vugs of dolerite dykes as fibrous and cylindrical crystals. In metamorphic sole rocks of Bela Ophiolite in the Sonaro area, marble and quartzite are associated with the metamorphic rocks such as greenschist and amphibolite facies that are formed during the e volution period of the ophiolite. In pegmatite gabbro, the elongated and prismatic black crystals of augite are found in the host rock gabbro near the Ornach cross area, and the prehnite gemstone is found associated with the basalt and gabbroic rocks transition zone in the Ornach area

Multigrid Method for 2D Helmholtz Equation using Higher Order Finite Difference Scheme Accelerated by Krylov Subspace

ABSTRACT A sixth-order compact difference scheme is applied with uniform mesh sizes in different coordinate directions to discretize a two dimensional Helmholtz equation. Multigrid method is designed to solve the resulting sparse linear systems. Numerical results are conducted to test the accuracy and performance of the sixth-order compact difference scheme with multigrid method and to compare it with the standard second-order difference scheme and fourth-order compact difference scheme. The errors norms L 2 is used to establish efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme with multigrid method

Rearing of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) on Ficus benjamina and its Parasitization with Trichogramma chilonis

Ficus benjamina commonly known as weeping fig is an ornamental that planted alongside the road to increase the aesthetic value. Leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians was observed on Ficus benjamina and many other ornamental plants in the surrounding area of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University. Large larval population was recorded on fig plants with 100 % defoliation. The rearing of Trilocha varians on F. benjamina was carried out under controlled conditions and parasitism of Trichogramma chilonis on eggs were checked. Incubation period was 5-6 days while single female laid 150-210 eggs in her whole life period. With five larval instars, duration period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th was 2.0 days, 3-5 days, 2-4 days, 3-6 days and 3-7 days, respectively. Pupa was obtect in nature. Mated and unmated female were long lived as compared to male, 7.50 and 9.25 % egg parasitization was recorded at 16 and 24 hours of exposure, respectively. The coefficient variations were 89.50, 55.92, 42.21 and 29.59 at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. To determine the larval damage, five different host plants belonging to moraceae family were used. The moderate damage of larvae was observed on Ficus religiosa. The severe feeding damage was observed on F. benjamina and F. virens, while M. alba and F. elastica were found not favorable hosts of T. varians. The study concluded that Trichogramma chilonis was recorded the most suitable parasitoid of T. varians and further need to record the natural enemies of the pest in the country

Giraffa punjabiensis (Giraffidae: Mammalia) from middle Siwaliks of Pakistan.

Abstract.-Giraffa fossils constitute rare findings in the Dhok Pathan Formation of the Middle Siwaliks. The described remains comprise two maxillar fragments of Giraffa punjabiensis. This paper deals with the study of the upper dentition of G. punjabiensis, recovered from the Padhri outcrops of the Pakistani Middle Siwaliks (Late Miocene). The giraffid suggests a woodland habitat with swamps